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Abstract
Behavioral inhibitory control has been shown to play an important role in a variety of addictive behaviors. A number of studies involving the use of Go/NoGo and stop-signal paradigms have shown that smokers have reduced response inhibition for cigarette-related cues. However, it is not known whether male light smokers’ response inhibition for cigarette-related cues is lower than that of non-smokers in the two-choice oddball paradigm. The objective of the current study was to provide further behavioral evidence of male light smokers’ impaired response inhibition for cigarette-related cues, using the two-choice oddball paradigm. Sixty-two male students (31 smokers, 31 non-smokers), who were recruited via an advertisement, took part in this two-choice oddball experiment. Cigarette-related pictures (deviant stimuli) and pictures unrelated to cigarettes (standard stimuli) were used. Response inhibition for cigarette-related cues was measured by comparing accuracy (ACC) and reaction time (RT) for deviant and standard stimuli in the two groups of subjects. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that in all the participants, ACC was significantly lower for deviant stimuli than for standard stimuli. For deviant stimuli, the RTs were significantly longer for male light smokers than for male non-smokers; however, there was no significant difference in RTs for standard stimuli. Compared to male non-smokers, male light smokers seem to have a reduced ability to inhibit responses to cigarette-related cues.
Highlights
The sense of craving for smoking triggered by cigarette-related cues promotes the maintenance of smoking behavior, affecting cigarette withdrawal (Waters et al, 2004)
The experiment was approved by the Academic Committee of the School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, China
The data for less than 15% of the trials were not considered (Meule et al, 2012)
Summary
The sense of craving for smoking triggered by cigarette-related cues promotes the maintenance of smoking behavior, affecting cigarette withdrawal (Waters et al, 2004). Response inhibition is an important executive function. It refers to the suppression of inappropriate or no longer relevant behavior, which allows flexible, intentional, behavioral reactions to the environment (Groman et al, 2009; Verbruggen and Logan, 2009). For smokers, cigarette-related cues increase the craving for smoking, which leads to automatic attentional biases to smoking cues The attentional bias toward cigarette-related cues in smokers occupies their cognitive resources and affects their performance on response inhibition tasks (Ryan, 2002; Franken, 2003)
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