Abstract
Background: Response inhibition is a hallmark of executive function, which was detected impaired in various psychiatric disorders. However, whether insomnia disorder (ID) impairs response inhibition has caused great controversy.Methods: Using the auditory stop-signal paradigm coupled with event-related potentials (ERPs), we carried out this study to examine whether individuals with ID presented response inhibition deficits and further investigated the neural mechanism correlated to these deficits. Twelve individuals with ID and 13 matched good sleepers (GSs) had participated in this study, and then they performed an auditory stop-signal task (SST) in the laboratory setting with high density EEG recordings.Results: The behavioral results revealed that compared to GSs, patients with ID presented significantly longer stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), suggesting the impairment of motor inhibition among insomniacs. Their reaction time in go trials, however, showed no significant between-group difference. Considering the electrophysiological correlate underlying the longer SSRT, we found reduced P3 amplitude in patients with insomnia in the successful stop trials, which might reflect their poor efficiency of response inhibition. Finally, when we performed exploratory analyses in the failed stop and go trials, patients with ID presented reduced Pe and N1 amplitude in the failed sop trials and go trials respectively.Discussion: Taken together, these findings indicate that individuals with ID would present response inhibition deficits. Moreover, the electrophysiological correlate underlying these deficits mainly revolves around the successful stop P3 component. The present study is the first to investigate the electrophysiological correlate underlying the impaired response inhibition among insomniacs.
Highlights
Insomnia disorder (ID) has been one of the most prevalent and common psychophysiological disorders
The dipole source analysis in previous studies pointed that the successful stop P3 might present a source in the primary motor cortex (PMC) [42, 54]
PMC was found to be the last cortical area of inhibitory processing and its communication with the prefrontal cortex underpinned the inhibition behavior [55]. Whereas this communication was disrupted by the abnormal prefrontal cortex and patients with insomnia failed to suppress the go response because of their impaired response inhibitory circuit
Summary
Insomnia disorder (ID) has been one of the most prevalent and common psychophysiological disorders. According to International Classification of Sleep Disorders 3rd edition (ICSD-3), ID is defined as a persistent difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep, and results in some form of daytime impairment [1]. They often complain about impaired cognitive function such as emotional processing [2, 3], memory consolidation [4, 5], vigilance [6, 7], selective attention [8,9,10,11], while inconsistent results were still found in executive function. Whether insomnia disorder (ID) impairs response inhibition has caused great controversy
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