Abstract
The key technical problem of variable rate fertilization system based on spectrum information was precise variable fertilization in certain area according to the acquired spectrum information. Hysteretic fertilizing is a critical problem in most of current fertilizer equipment. Hysteresis model was built and analyzed in this study to improve the system. Fertilizing tests were conducted on different wheat breeds and the results were analyzed. The tests showed that variable rate fertilization had obvious hysteresis phenomenon with the maximum lag distance of 3.82 m, the minimum lag distance of 1.73 m and average of 3.06 m. Hysteresis phenomenon of the variable rate fertilization system was obviously decreased when implanting a correction time of 2.04 s with the maximum lag distance of 0.61 m. Variable effects varied by different wheat breeds. Variable rate fertilization had an advantage of improving spatial differences of Yangmai-23, and the spatial variability of which decreased by 14.23%. In the small test area, the amount of fertilizer in Zhenmai-168 decreased by 2.84 kg, while the amount of which in Yangmai-23 increased by 3.83 kg. Yield of Zhenmai-168 in small area was lower than that in traditional pattern, but the condition of Yangmai-23 was on the contrary. Valuable information for increasing performance of fertilization in variable rate fertilization system was provided in this paper. Keywords: variable rate fertilization, fertilization lag, calibration, fertilization efficiency, winter wheat DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181106.4086 Citation: Chen M, Yang Z J, Wang X C, Shi Y Y, Zhang Y. Response characteristics and efficiency of variable rate fertilization based on spectral reflectance. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(6): 152–158.
Highlights
Variable rate fertilization technology is used to improve yield and fertilizer utilization rate and reduce fertilizer inputs and environmental pollution[1,2]
According to the spatial differences of different factors, such as field crop growth, soil structure, nutrition distribution and moisture, variable rate fertilization technology can accomplish the purpose of precise fertilization[3,4], which is an important part of the modern precision agriculture[5]
The variable rate fertilization applicator, which is based on both soil testing equation variable rate fertilization technology and online monitoring sensor variable rate fertilization technology, are on the basis of target variables to achieve regional precision fertilization
Summary
Variable rate fertilization technology is used to improve yield and fertilizer utilization rate and reduce fertilizer inputs and environmental pollution[1,2]. Based on the spectral technology of variable rate fertilization applicator self-developed[14,15,16,17,18,19,20], fertilization lag model was studied in this paper. Spectrum detection technology is based on analyzing crop canopy specific wavelengths of the light reflection and absorption features, analyzing and diagnosing crop growth of spatial differences, nutrition status and nutrition deficiency. In the control decision system, targets of fertilizer and the corresponding control variables were generated in real time by the improved Ruan model and built-in control model, the control instructions was transmitted to the controller by the wireless serial transmission module. Using the built-in self-adaptive fuzzy PID control algorithm, adjustment of motor running status was controlled to operate the valve opening and rotate speed of fertilizer feed indirectly to achieve on-line adjustment of variables of fertilizer feed and the goal of precise variable fertilization
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