Abstract
High temperature stress events are critical factors inhibiting crop yield. Meanwhile, world population is growing very rapidly and will be reached up to 9 billion by 2050. To feed increasing world population, it is challenging task to increase about 70% global food productions. Food crops have significant contribution toward global food demand and food security. However, consequences from increasing heat stress events are demolishing their abilities to survive and sustain yield when subjected to extreme high temperature stress. Therefore, there is dire need to better understand response and tolerance mechanism of food crops following exposure to heat stress. Here, we aimed to provide recent update on impact of high temperature stress on crop yield of food crops, pollination, pollinators, and novel strategies for improving tolerance of food crop under high temperature stress. Importantly, development of heat-resistant transgenic food crops can grant food security through transformation of superior genes into current germplasm, which are associated with various signaling pathways as well as epigenetic regulation in response to extreme high temperature stress.
Highlights
Rapid climatic changes have increased the magnitude of extreme weather such as precipitation, high temperatures, and drought stress in agricultural regions (Boyer et al, 2013; Lesk et al, 2016)
Keywords used for literature search included High temperature stress, Food Security, pollination, pollinators, transcriptional factors, noncoding RNAs, Phytohormones, reactive oxygen species, heat shock proteins, chromatin remodeling, epigenetic, synthetic biology, and genome editing
These novel studies signify foundation of exploration of how miRNAs respond to different stresses and how they can be used in the development of heat stress tolerant crops
Summary
Rapid climatic changes have increased the magnitude of extreme weather such as precipitation, high temperatures, and drought stress in agricultural regions (Boyer et al, 2013; Lesk et al, 2016). Extreme temperature will affect the goal of the target of achieving of 70% global food production for the 9 billion of world population by 2050. Growing evidences show that climate changes have caused significant crop yield losses and damaged to food security. There is no doubt that agricultural production has been continuously affected owing to climate changes and the average yield of field crops will depend on the regional differences in both the natural and anthropogenic factors that control crops responses (Rustad, 2008; Wei et al, 2014). Climate changes have caused yield losses of these three plants species such as wheat, rice, and maize which supply 70% of total grain production worldwide (Iizumi et al, 2013; Liu et al, 2016a; Lobell et al, 2014). We aimed to provide recent update on impact of high temperature stress on crop yield of food crops, pollination, pollinators, and novel strategies for improving tolerance of food crop under high temperature stress
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