Abstract
BackgroundA vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with highly effective protection is urgently needed. The anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody response and duration after vaccination are crucial predictive indicators.ObjectivesTo evaluate the response and duration for 5 subsets of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after vaccination and their predictive value for protection.MethodsWe determined the response and duration for 5 subsets of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, anti-Spike IgG, anti-Spike IgM, and anti-Spike IgA) in 61 volunteers within 160 days after the CoronaVac vaccine. A logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors of the persistence of neutralizing antibody persistence.ResultsThe seropositivity rates of neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, anti-Spike IgG, anti-Spike IgM, and anti-Spike IgA were only 4.92%, 27.87%, 21.31%, 3.28% and 0.00%, respectively, at the end of the first dose (28 days). After the second dose, the seropositivity rates reached peaks of 95.08%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 59.02% and 31.15% in two weeks (42 days). Their decay was obvious and the seropositivity rate remained at 19.67%, 54.10%, 50.82%, 3.28% and 0.00% on day 160, respectively. The level of neutralizing antibody reached a peak of 149.40 (101.00–244.60) IU/mL two weeks after the second dose (42 days) and dropped to 14.23 (7.62–30.73) IU/mL at 160 days, with a half-life of 35.61(95% CI, 32.68 to 39.12) days. Younger participants (≤31 years) had 6.179 times more persistent neutralizing antibodies than older participants (>31 years) (P<0.05). Participants with anti-Spike IgA seropositivity had 4.314 times greater persistence of neutralizing antibodies than participants without anti-Spike IgA seroconversion (P<0.05).ConclusionsAntibody response for the CoronaVac vaccine was intense and comprehensive with 95.08% neutralizing seropositivity rate, while decay was also obvious after 160 days. Therefore, booster doses should be considered in the vaccine strategies.
Highlights
Vaccines are expected to be the most effective and economical means to prevent and control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) [1]
We determined the levels of neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, anti-Spike IgG, anti-Spike IgM, and anti-Spike IgA in 61 participants within 160 days after vaccination
The seropositive rate for neutralizing antibody was only 4.92% (3/61) at 28 days after the first dose based on the cutoff value of 54.00 international units (IU)/mL
Summary
Vaccines are expected to be the most effective and economical means to prevent and control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) [1]. Immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induced through either natural infection or vaccination has been shown to provide some degree of protection against reinfection/infection and reduce risk of clinical case fatality [2]. Basic questions remain about the mechanism of protection against the disease, the degree of protection that results in asymptomatic infection, and the duration of vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immunity [3,4,5]. The response and duration for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and immune protection after vaccination are crucial predictive indicators that need to be assessed. A vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with highly effective protection is urgently needed. The anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody response and duration after vaccination are crucial predictive indicators
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