Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe respiratory complication in preterm infants. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of BPD are complex and remain to be clarified, recent studies have reported a certain correlation between the microecological environment of the respiratory tract and BPD. Changes in respiratory tract microecology, such as abnormal microbial diversity and altered evolutional patterns, are observed prior to the development of BPD in premature infants. Therefore, research on the colonization and evolution of neonatal respiratory tract microecology and its relationship with BPD is expected to provide new ideas for its prevention and treatment. In this paper, we review microecological changes in the respiratory tract and the mechanisms by which they can lead to BPD in preterm infants.
Highlights
The etiologies of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are numerous, including prenatal and postnatal risk factors
The weekly detectable microflora load in respiratory tract specimens of infants with moderate and severe BPD was higher than that in infants with mild BPD. These results indicate that the colonization pattern and evolution of the respiratory microbiome in preterm infants may be a marker for predicting the severity of BPD [13]
This study demonstrated the presence of a respiratory tract microbiota-exosome-miRNA regulatory network in the pathogenesis of BPD, which may aid in predicting the development of BPD in premature infants [69]
Summary
The etiologies of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are numerous, including prenatal and postnatal risk factors. The changes in the microecology of the respiratory tract may lead to BPD [2, 3]. The microecological balance helps to maintain the stability of the microenvironment in the body, but its composition and content do not remain constant. Disturbance of this balance by adverse factors either in vivo or in vitro may lead to disease. We review microecological changes in the respiratory tract and the mechanisms by which they can lead to BPD in preterm infants.
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