Abstract
Viruses can persistently infect differentiated cells through regulation of expression of both their own genes and those of the host cell, thereby evading detection by the host’s immune system and achieving residence in a non-lytic state. Models in vitro with cell lines are useful tools in understanding the mechanisms associated with the establishment of viral persistence. In particular, a model to study respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) persistence in a murine macrophage-like cell line has been established. Compared to non-infected macrophages, macrophages persistently infected with RSV show altered expression both of genes coding for cytokines and trans-membrane proteins associated with antigen uptake and of genes related to cell survival. The biological changes associated with altered gene expression in macrophages as a consequence of persistent RSV infection are summarized.
Highlights
Viruses can persistently infect differentiated cells through regulation of expression of both their own genes and those of the host cell, thereby evading detection by the host’s immune system and achieving residence in a non-lytic state
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports 64 million cases and 160,000 deaths each year due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)—more than that caused by any other respiratory virus [15]
Prospective studies of cohorts of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have revealed, through reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), that RSV is the virus most frequently detected in nasopharyngeal aspirates during stable COPD and exacerbated episodes [18,19]
Summary
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; family Paramyxoviridae, genus Pneumovirus) is a highly infectious agent—more so than other respiratory viruses—and worldwide is the principal cause of serious lower-respiratory tract illness in infants and young children [1]. Epidemiological studies of RSV indicate that this pathogen is frequently isolated from children with bronchiolitis [3,4] and is the most frequent cause of hospitalization of infants in industrialized countries [5]. Risk factors, such as premature birth, congenital heart disease, and immune deficiencies, predispose children
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