Abstract
Respiratory infections in immunocompromised patients cause significant morbidity and mortality. After initial broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy has been instituted, an early, aggressive diagnostic approach is usually appropriate. The initial diagnostic procedure is often flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy with BAL and transbronchial lung biopsy. Bacteria, CMV and other viral pathogens, and several fungi including Aspergillus and Candida species are the most common respiratory pathogens isolated in bone marrow and solid organ transplant recipients. The spectrum of respiratory pathogens in patients who have not undergone transplantation is dependent on the type of immune defect.
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