Abstract
As demonstrated in COPD, bronchiectasis patients may experience respiratory and peripheral muscle dysfunction. We hypothesized that respiratory and peripheral (upper and lower limbs) muscle function and nutritional status may be more significantly altered in female than in males for identical age and disease severity. In mild-to-moderate bronchiectasis patients (n = 150, 114 females) and 37 controls (n = 37, 21 females), radiological extension, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP), sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP), hand grip and quadriceps muscle strengths, body composition, and blood analytical biomarkers were explored. Compared to the controls, in all bronchiectasis patients (males and females), BMI, fat-free mass index (FFMI), fat tissue, upper and lower limb muscle strength, and respiratory muscle strength significantly declined, and FFMI, fat tissue, and quadriceps muscle function were significantly lower in female than male patients. In patients with mild-to-moderate bronchiectasis, respiratory and peripheral muscle function is significantly impaired and only partly related to lung disease status. Quadriceps muscle strength was particularly weakened in the female patients and was negatively associated with their exercise tolerance. Muscle weakness should be therapeutically targeted in bronchiectasis patients. Body composition and peripheral muscle function determination should be part of the comprehensive clinical assessment of these patients.
Highlights
Non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by abnormalities of the airways that facilitate the collection of lung secretions in the patients, which further deteriorates the underlying structure
Despite body composition parameters being within the normal range (BMI, 24.9 kg/m2 and fat-free mass index (FFMI), 16 kg/m2 ) among the study patients, they were significantly reduced when compared to a population of healthy subjects (37 recruited for the purpose of the investigation)
Male patients exhibited a significant increase in fat-free mass (FFM) and FFMI values compared to the female patients
Summary
Non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by abnormalities of the airways that facilitate the collection of lung secretions in the patients, which further deteriorates the underlying structure. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 334 colonization [1,2]. Extrapulmonary manifestations are common among patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including those with bronchiectasis [5,6,7,8]. The analysis of skeletal muscle dysfunction and sarcopenia of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respiratory muscle dysfunction is common in COPD patients [19,20,21,22]. Several clinical factors are involved in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle dysfunction and sarcopenia in COPD [9,10,11,12,13,14]
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