Abstract
Newcastle disease causes a lymphoproliferative response in the tracheal and intestinal mucosa of the infected birds. In this study, the Hitchner B1 and I-2 vaccine and challenging of ND field strains were used to evaluate the populations of T lymphocyte subsets infiltrated intestinal and tracheal, also to shed some light on cell-mediated immune response using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting chicken’s serum interferon-γ. Three hundred-day-old broilers were randomly divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 received I-2 and B1 vaccines, respectively, while groups 3 and 4 were challenged-unvaccinated and unchallenged-unvaccinated groups. Blood samples were taken from five random chicks and were then tested with ELISA test. Three chicks of each group were euthanized after vaccine administration and also challenging with acute virus. Interferon-γ changes were significant in time (p < 0.001). Totally, there was no significant difference between I-2 and B1 groups. The number of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells of I-2 and B1 vaccinated group’s intestine and the trachea samples was significantly increased compared with the negative control group (p < 0.001). The results indicated the significant increase in CD4+ and CD8+ in intestinal and tracheal tissues, while the level of interferon-γ of the vaccinated group was more than the unvaccinated one. Finding no significant differences between the vaccinated groups indicated the potential of both vaccines in producing CD4+ and CD8+ in the tracheal and intestinal tissues and the equality of interferon-γ production in the sera.
Highlights
IntroductionVaccination is a practical and useful way against the endemic cases of Newcastle disease (Usman 2002)
Newcastle disease is one the most contagious viral diseases which could infect almost all species around the world.University of Shiraz, Shiraz, IranVaccination is a practical and useful way against the endemic cases of Newcastle disease (Usman 2002)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cellular immunity with serum interferon-γ using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay, to study the changes in T cell subsets, CD4 and CD8, in intestinal and tracheal samples with monoclonal antibodies against the surface or intracellular glycoproteins as the markers using immunohistochemistry assay after vaccinating with I-2 thermostable vaccine and to compare the results of this vaccine with acute virus and B1 vaccine challenges
Summary
Vaccination is a practical and useful way against the endemic cases of Newcastle disease (Usman 2002). Common vaccination programs against Newcastle disease in most countries include administering live attenuated and killed vaccines to control the endemic strains. Vaccines belonging to B1 and LaSota strains are the commonest vaccines used to prevent Newcastle disease in the poultry industry though sometimes facing with vaccine failures due to unknown reasons. I-2 vaccine against Newcastle disease is becoming more popular in village chicken and in industrial broiler’s one. This study was conducted to elaborate some aspects of cellmediated immunity of this vaccine compared to a commonly used commercial vaccine against Newcastle disease. Fifty percent embryo infectious dose (EID50) of the virus used for the vaccine was supposed to be 106/5 since EID50/bird higher 106 was reported as the immunizing titer in the studies conducted on the protective antibody titers against I-2 virus by
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