Abstract
Research on politeness has been proliferating for nearly four decades now, drawing on crosslinguistic data from a wide range of spoken and written languages and focusing on pragmatic, syntactic and grammatical features. Speech acts such as apologies and requests have been investigated as well as grammatical, i.e. morphological, morphosyntactic, and lexical forms of honorific systems, expressions of politeness, respect and disrespect. However, while discussions and research centering on the notion of face have been exceptionally numerous, the grammatical category of respect has not yet received as much attention, since Haase (1994), with the exception of Simon (2003). The present collection on and the 3rd person: Cross-linguistic Perspectives on Respect and Politeness originated in the discussions in our panel at the DGfS annual meeting in 2009 on Forms of expressing politeness / respect in discourse: Talking about a third party in different languages and varieties. The articles comprising this volume strive to expand our insights into the complex intersection between grammatical respect (i.e. linguistic features in morphology and/or morphosyntax), lexical expressions and discourse phenomena of politeness cross-linguistically, with special regard to the treatment of third-person non-participants and bystanders. Our aim is to shed new light on respect and politeness phenomena as well as on the relation between respect as a systematic category on the one hand and politeness as an outcome of linguistic interaction on the other.
Highlights
Research on politeness has been proliferating for nearly four decades drawing on crosslinguistic data from a wide range of spoken and written languages and focusing on pragmatic, syntactic and grammatical features
The third person, not being an immediate participant in the speech situation, is treated differently altogether: We find linguistic systems that relate the third person to the speech situation or to either hearer or speaker in the speech situation, as can be seen in Japanese (see below, (iv))
Different levels of formality as well as social roles in the speech situation are reflected by distinct lexical expressions and honorifics as well as morphologically marked passives and causatives (for Japanese, see (iii) and (iv) below, cf
Summary
Research on politeness has been proliferating for nearly four decades drawing on crosslinguistic data from a wide range of spoken and written languages and focusing on pragmatic, syntactic and grammatical features. Glossing: ADV= adverb; COMP= complementizer construction; CON= converb; HON= honorific prefix; IMP= imperative; PAS= passive; PL= plural; pol= polite form; PSS= possessive; PRT= particle; PT= past/perfect; RFL= reflexive; TOP= topic particle; V= verb; 2= second person/hearer deictic; N=noun; (expression in brackets)= lexical meaning
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