Abstract
This study addresses the environmental and sustainability challenges arising from coal dependency in high-income Asian economies. Employing the CUP-FM estimation technique, it investigates the complex relationships among coal consumption, sustainable power generation, and green taxation from 2000 to 2020. The findings indicate that coal usage hampers green power generation due to its carbon-intensive nature, greenhouse gas emissions, and resource diversion from green energy projects. Conversely, a higher environmental tax ratio encourages cleaner energy alternatives and supports green infrastructure. Government investment in education enhances environmental awareness, while the growing number of internet users unintentionally increases energy demand. Urbanization presents mixed effects on energy consumption and sustainability. Importing green components significantly boosts green electricity generation through advanced technology and international collaboration. To tackle these challenges, high-income Asian economies should adopt a comprehensive policy approach focusing on coal efficiency, green taxation, sustainable education, digital transformation, and smart and sustainable urban development.
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