Abstract
In this chapter, an active distribution network (ADN) expansion planning framework is presented considering the flexibility provided by resource-driven ones, i.e., distributed energy resources (DERs). To this end, first the investment environment governing DER deployment is determined. In bundled environment, in which distribution network operators (DNOs) is allowed to perform investment in DER deployment, DERs are modeled as operational and structural flexibility providers in ADN expansion planning problem. Then, the ADN expansion planning problem is modeled in an unbundled environment, where DNO and DER operator are two independent entities. In both environments, the conditional value at risk, a quite popular risk index used in financial research, is taken into account to measure the financial risk of planning schemes.
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