Abstract
The study aims to explore the dynamic relationships between Water‐Energy‐Food (WEF) resources, carbon‐fossil‐GHG emissions, and growth specific factors in the context of Pakistan by using an annual time series data from 1970 to 2016. The results of simultaneous Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator show that industry value added largely influenced water's share in carbon emissions and fossil fuel combustion, while chemicals that used in manufacturing value added largely increases water's GHG footprints in a country. The inverted U‐shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relationship confirmed for water's carbon footprint and food's carbon‐fossil‐GHG footprint with a turning point of EKC per capita income at US$1120, US$1170, US$1250, and US$1140, respectively. The U‐shaped EKC is substantiated by water's share in fossil fuel and energy's carbon‐fossil‐GHG footprints, while monotonic increasing functions is established with per capita income and water's share in GHG emissions. The Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) is verified in case of water's share in carbon emissions, while IPAT hypothesis is substantiate in water's carbon footprint, food's carbon‐fossil‐GHG footprints, and energy's carbon‐fossil footprint. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13132, 2019
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