Abstract
Capacity sharing among neighboring terminals offer a means to meet increasing or unexpected demand for cargo-handling without additional capital investment. This study proposes a model for capacity requirement planning of major resources, such as quay cranes (QCs), storage space, and gate, in multiterminal port operations where demand is time dependent. A resource profile simulation is run to generate random events across the terminals and estimate the capacity requirement in the form of workload distributions on port resources over time-shifts. The effects on workload requirement, arising from multiterminal cooperation, are subsequently evaluated in consideration of different container flows among terminals. Experimental results suggest that higher transferring rate between terminals will reduce the QC intensity and storage space requirements but increase gate congestion. Variabilities in the QC intensity and storage space requirements also increase due to shorter stays and more movements in container inventory at the yard. The interaction effect between transferring and trans-shipment rates further shows that the average resource requirements for a terminal can be greatly reduced when the interterminal transferring of containers contributes positively to a more even workload redistribution across terminals. The most significant improvements occur when trans-shipment rate is 85% and transferring rate is 75% for QC intensity; trans-shipment rate is 90% and transferring rate is 60% for storage capacity; and trans-shipment rate is 80% and transferring rate is 75% for gate congestion.
Highlights
Container ports provide infrastructure and facilities that are essential for shipping companies to provide a seamless transportation service for cargo from diverse sources to destinations and improve the efficiency of a supply chain as a whole
Based on the collected samples, X − R Charts for quay cranes (QCs) intensity, the TEU workload at the yard, and the queue length at the gate can be drawn with the estimated control limits consisting of upper control limits (UCLs), central lines (CLs), and lower control limits (LCLs) for each set of output [21]
It means that a terminal needs to prepare 9.78 QCs to meet the handling capacity requested by the incoming vessels, even though on average only 8.12 QCs are needed to meet the capacity request
Summary
Container ports provide infrastructure and facilities that are essential for shipping companies to provide a seamless transportation service for cargo from diverse sources to destinations and improve the efficiency of a supply chain as a whole. The operators are running terminals as a single port entity, the terminals compete with one another to attract shipping liners for their own benefit. Since these terminals are geographically located nearby, they could potentially cooperate to reap greater scale of economics and enhance their market merit. Several container terminals at Port of Busan have the experience to share their wharfs and yards to improve the vessel service though different operators are running their own terminals [2], and the upcoming Tuas Maritime Hub of Singapore operates as a single terminal consisting of four fingers (subterminals) and cooperates with existing Pasir Panjang terminal [3]
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