Resource Allocation and 3-D Placement for UAV-Enabled Energy-Efficient IoT Communications

Abstract

As the commercial launch of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications gets near, the trend from the Internet of Things (IoT) to the Internet of Everything (IoE) is emerging. Due to the advantages of the high mobility, high Line-of-Sight (LoS) probability and low labor cost, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) may play an important role in the future IoT communication networks, e.g., data collection in remote areas. In this article, we study the 3-D placement and resource allocation of multiple UAV-mounted base stations (BSs) in an uplink IoT network, where the balanced task for the UAV-BSs, the limited channel resource, and the signal interference are taken into consideration. In the considered system, the total transmission power of IoT devices is minimized, subject to a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) threshold for each device. First, aiming to balance the task of each UAV, we propose a clustering algorithm based on an improved <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -means method to divide IoT devices into several groups so that the number of devices in each group is roughly the same. Then, based on matching theory, a modified-Hungarian-based dynamic many–many matching (HD4M) algorithm is designed for assigning subchannels to IoT devices, which can efficiently mitigate the interference. Finally, we jointly optimize the transmission power of IoT devices and the altitudes of UAVs via an alternating iterative method. The simulation results show that the total transmission power decreases significantly after applying the proposed algorithms.