Abstract
This paper presents a single LC tank base cell-to-cell active voltage balancing algorithm for Li-ion batteries in electric vehicle (EV) applications. EV batteries face challenges in accomplishing fast balancing and high balancing efficiency with low circuit and control complexity. It addresses that LC resonant tank uses an energy carrier to transfer the voltage from an excessive voltage cell to the lowest voltage cell. The method requires 2N - 4 bidirectional MOSFET switches and a single LC resonant circuit, where N is the number of cells in the battery strings. The balancing speed is improved by allowing a short balancing path for voltage transfer and guarantees a fast balancing speed between any two cells in the battery string, and power consumption is reduced by operating all switches in zero-current switching conditions. The circuit was tested for 4400 mAh Li-ion battery cells under static, cyclic, and dynamic charging/discharging conditions. Two battery cells at the voltage 3.93 V and 3.65 V were balanced after 76 min, and the balancing efficiency is 94.8%. The result of dynamic and cyclic charging/discharging conditions shows that the balancing circuit is applicable for the energy storage devices and Li-ion battery cells for EV.
Highlights
Day by day, demand for electric vehicles (EV) is increasing compared to internal combustion engine vehicles because of shortage of fossil fuel, environmental problems, and cost-effectiveness.In an internal combustion engine (ICE), when fossil fuel is used as the power source, it produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), which are harmful to the environment
This paper presents a single resonant converter based on a first balancing circuit between two
This paper presents a single resonant converter based on a first balancing circuit between two cells cells for different types of electrochemical batteries and balancing algorithms
Summary
Demand for electric vehicles (EV) is increasing compared to internal combustion engine vehicles because of shortage of fossil fuel, environmental problems, and cost-effectiveness. The inductor/transformer-based from a higher energy storage cell to a lower energy storage cell This balancing method is imperfect voltage-balancing method is complicated and effective. The inductor/transformer-based excess energy, i.e., themethod storageiscell is turned and on, and is connected with involves the inductor/transformer winding, voltage-balancing complicated effective This method the switching of the andexcess transferred to the weak cell. This method has a higher voltage and current stress, magnetizing energy, i.e., the storage cell is turned on, and is connected with the inductor/transformer loss, and implementation. When excess energy transfers from the better storage cellsare tomore lower energyfor storage cellsvoltage these balancing methods can recover energy, show higher energy storage cells to lower energy storage cells these balancing methods can recover energy, efficiency, high equalization speed, and reliability because of bidirectional converter and switches.
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