Abstract
Exploring new nonlinear wave solutions to integrable systems has always been an open issue in physics, applied mathematics, and engineering. In this paper, the Maccari system, a two-dimensional analog of nonlinear Schrödinger equation, is investigated. The system is derived from the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation and is widely used in nonlinear optics, plasma physics, and water waves. A large family of semi-rational solutions of the Maccari system are proposed with the KP hierarchy reduction method and Hirota bilinear method. These semi-rational solutions reduce to the breathers of elastic collision and resonant collision under special parameters. In case of resonant collisions between breathers and rational waves, these semi-rational solutions describe lumps fusion into breathers, or lumps fission from breathers, or a mixture of these fusion and fission. The resonant collisions of semi-rational solutions are semi-localized in time (i.e., lumps exist only when t → +∞ or t → −∞), and we also discuss their dynamics and asymptotic behaviors.
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