Resonance Testing Data Evaluation Approaches for Scaling Onset Detection in Pipelines

Abstract

Most industries dealing with pipelines face problems resulting from the buildup of deposits therein, such as reduced efficiency, downtime and increased maintenance costs. Although solutions to this issue have been sought for decades, no widely employed technique for monitoring growth of inorganic deposits (or ‘scaling’) in pipelines exists. In this research, a means of detecting the onset of scaling growth, by processing resonance testing data, was sought. For the resonance testing measurements the pipeline segment of interest is equipped with acceleration sensors which record signals generated by impacting the pipeline with a steel tip. The signals are Fourier transformed and analysed in the frequency domain, where a clear shift in frequency peak positions can be observed as the scaling thickness changes. How best to extract quantitative information from the generated frequency data is an open question. In this research, two data analysis approaches for scaling thickness prediction are compared: a supervised (binary classification) machine learning approach as well as a comparison-based change detection approach using cross-correlation. The supervised machine learning approach yields generalizable results for different acceleration sensors and impactor diameters whilst the change detection approach is sensitive from a scaling thickness of 0.5 mm. Whilst this research is specific to the pipe–scaling geometry—and type used in the experiments conducted, resonance testing can be applied to any pipe–scaling combination. The robustness of the data processing approaches presented in this work, when applied to other pipe–scaling materials and geometries, is the next point of research.