Resonance frequency analysis of lead-acid cells: An EIS approach to predict the state-of-health

Abstract

Abstract We present in this work a new electrochemical impedance spectroscopy approach for lifetime prediction of lead-acid cells under imposed aging conditions. Frequency dependent impedance fluctuations are being monitored during charging and discharging sequences of battery for two distinct states of charges. We monitored the battery impedance behavior in two distinct states: at 100% state of charge, and secondly, at 75% state-of-charge. During the aging process, we encompassed the impedance plots vs frequency shifting diagrams, in the framework of a single parameter, we refer here to resonant frequency of the circuit. The validation of our model was demonstrated by comparing the resonance frequency values in three fabricated cells, thus emphasizing the changes that appear in the various physical details, depending on battery fabrication methodology. For State-of-Charge = 100% the degradation of the battery is leading to an important variation of its resonance frequency, while for State-of-Charge = 75%, the fluctuations of resonance frequency are significantly smaller. Monitoring just one parameter, we developed an accurate fitting model function capable to predict the lead-acid cells aging process. We can say that for the cell produced under controlled conditions, we get a larger lifetime and an inferior degradation speed to the cells manufactured in laboratory.