Abstract
Bioacoustic methods play an increasingly important role for the detection of insects in a range of surveillance and monitoring programmes.Weak‐flying insects evade detection because they do not yield sufficient audio information to capture wingbeat and harmonic frequencies. These inaudible insects often pose a significant threat to food security as pests of key agricultural crops worldwide.Automatic detection of such insects is crucial to the future of crop protection by providing critical information to assess the risk to a crop and the need for preventative measures.We describe an experimental set‐up designed to derive audio recordings from a range of weak‐flying aphids and beetles using an LED array.A rigorous data processing pipeline was developed to extract meaningful features, linked to morphological characteristics, from the audio and harmonic series for six aphid and two beetle species.An ensemble of over 50 bioacoustic parameters was used to achieve species discrimination with a success rate of 80%. The inclusion of the dominant and fundamental frequencies improved prediction between beetles and aphids because of large differences in wingbeat frequencies.At the species level, error rates were minimized when harmonic features were supplemented by features indicative of differences in species' flight energies.
Highlights
There is a wealth of studies having developed classification models of insect flight (Moore, 1991, Chen et al, 2014, Potamitis, 2014, Potamitis et al, 2015, Ouyang et al, 2015, Kiskin et al, 2020), but relatively few have focussed on weak-flying aphids and beetles (Moore and Miller, 2002)
None that we know of have attempted to link morphological characteristics to acoustic properties with the exception of (Rajabi et al, 2016) who showed that the corrugated pattern of dragonfly wings explained differences between damsel and dragonfly wingbeat frequencies
The aim of this study has been to provide proof-of-concept for automatic detection methods of aphid and beetle pests via opto-acoustic methods whilst providing key insight into the drivers that will further this area of science
Summary
1. Bioacoustic methods play an increasingly important role for the detection of insects in a range of surveillance and monitoring programs. 2. Weak-flying insects evade detection because they do not yield sufficient audio information to capture wingbeat and harmonic frequencies. Weak-flying insects evade detection because they do not yield sufficient audio information to capture wingbeat and harmonic frequencies These inaudible insects often pose a significant threat to food security as pests of key agricultural crops worldwide. We describe an experimental setup designed to derive audio recordings from a range of weakflying aphids and beetles using an LED array. 5. A rigorous data processing pipeline was developed to extract meaningful features, linked to morphological characteristics, from the audio and harmonic series for six aphid and two beetle species
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