Abstract
Detailed mapping of landfast ice deformation can be used to characterize the rheological behavior of landfast ice effectively and to improve sea ice modeling subsequently. In order to analyze the characteristics, trends and causes of deformation comprehensively and accurately, the Sentinel-1A ascending and descending orbits data were used to detect the horizontal and vertical deformation of the fast ice in the Baltic Sea. Firstly, the fast ice edge lines were acquired through feature extraction with interferometric coherence images and SAR amplitude images. Then, the deformation transformed model was constructed according to the geometric relationship of multi-orbits deformation measurements. Finally, the landfast ice deformations were resolved and the horizontal and vertical deformations were obtained. The results showed that the maximum deformation was—44 cm in horizontal direction and 16 cm in vertical direction within the fast ice region of 960 km2 during the time from 2 to 16 February 2018. The southwest wind was the principal reason for the deformation, which made the deformation mainly occur in the horizontal direction from east to west. Moreover, the inner fast ice kept stable due to the protection of outer consolidated ice. The results showed that the deformation trend and characteristics can be better understood by using InSAR technology that was combined with multi-orbits SAR data to resolve and analyze the landfast ice deformation.
Highlights
The change of sea ice, a sensitive indicator to global climate change, is closely related to the regional ecological environment, production and development in polar and high latitude regions.Landfast ice is a kind of stable sea ice that grows along the coast, islands, reefs and grounding ice ridges and is firmly attached to them
The interferograms reflected the features of fast ice deformations
Two conclusions can be drawn from the analysis. (i) The main reason for the fast ice deformation was the shear stress caused by the drift of ice floes under the strong southwest wind and the deformation mainly occurred in the horizontal direction from east to west. (ii) There was existing consolidated ice in the periphery of the fast ice, which played a protective role on the fast ice and weakened the influence of the drift or compression of ice floes
Summary
The change of sea ice, a sensitive indicator to global climate change, is closely related to the regional ecological environment, production and development in polar and high latitude regions.Landfast ice is a kind of stable sea ice that grows along the coast, islands, reefs and grounding ice ridges and is firmly attached to them. The change of sea ice, a sensitive indicator to global climate change, is closely related to the regional ecological environment, production and development in polar and high latitude regions. The growth, development and deformation of landfast ice affect the thermal balance of the marine environment and affect the temperature and salinity cycle of the ocean. The stability and area of landfast ice are affected by the depth, temperature and salinity of sea water or other comprehensive factors [1,2]. In mid-latitude regions (such as Liaodong Bay of China), the thickness, area, stability and lasting time of fast ice are smaller than those in high-latitude regions and its existence mainly affects the safety of some offshore structures (e.g., ships and ports). Fast ice is only subjected by the rise and fall of sea level, which will
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