Resolution of the M-shape Pattern of the Outdoor Air Temperature Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for Metropolitan Areas in a Country: Using Long-term Monthly Level Data of Taipei City as Empirical Evidence

Wu-Jang Huang

doi:10.34257/gjhssevol21is6pg25

Abstract

In Taiwan, the heat island effect is the most significant in Taipei City. Thus this research provides a causal explanation for why urban outdoor air temperature has an M-shape EKC pattern for metropolitan areas in a country. Results show that the growth rate change in CO2 concentration can induce changes to the periods of the La Nino effect and EI Nino effect, causing high fluctuations in rain accumulation. The amount of rain then alters A-type evaporation, and so the evaporation amount is the top factor for the diffusion of a city’s heat. This fluctuation plays as a cooling and heating source for the V region of the M shape in the outdoor air temperature EKC pattern. In our previous studies, the growth rate change in CO2 concentration correlates to the energy structure. Therefore, a heat sinking model has been proposed to explain the accumulation of heat in a city, in which a proportion process for the solar irradiation source from buildings and remodeling engineering from a public housing policy and the private sector can play as a heating source of the two peaks of the M shape and present long-term linear growth in the outdoor air temperature EKC pattern.

Highlights

In works have found that the factors contributing to the our previous paper we have developed a new formation of an urban heat island effect are caused by methodology to explain why CO2 concentration still urbanization and climate change effects (Aekbal Salleh maintains growth even when Taiwan has significantly et al, 2013; Miao and Chen, 2014; Yang et al, 219; reduced the emission amount of CO2 due to natural gas Yunfei et al, 2020)
Countries the worldwide have made great efforts to reduce global warming for many years, with many international contracts trying to retard the incremental rate of atmospheric temperature
The factors influencing the growth of urban atmospheric temperature are the aging cycle of thermal conductivity inside concrete structures and the remodeling of old buildings in Taipei City, Taiwan, which is the biggest city and the capital city

Summary

Introduction

The formation mechanism of CO2 emission amount is a perfectly inverted V-shape due to the disproportion process of electric energy The have developed an event-induced mechanism (Huang, definition of “surface temperature” is the heat emitted 2020) to explain the formation of an EKC pattern at the from the soil, ground surface, and buildings. In works have found that the factors contributing to the our previous paper we have developed a new formation of an urban heat island effect are caused by methodology to explain why CO2 concentration still urbanization and climate change effects (Aekbal Salleh maintains growth even when Taiwan has significantly et al, 2013; Miao and Chen, 2014; Yang et al, 219; reduced the emission amount of CO2 due to natural gas Yunfei et al, 2020)

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Results

Conclusion