Abstract
Inflammation is an essential reaction of the immune system to infections and sterile tissue injury. However, uncontrolled or unresolved inflammation can cause tissue damage and contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Resolution of inflammation is driven by endogenous molecules, known as pro-resolving mediators, that contribute to dampening inflammatory responses, promoting the resolution of inflammation and the recovery of tissue homeostasis. These mediators have been shown to be useful to decrease inflammatory responses and tissue damage in various models of inflammatory diseases. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major unwanted reaction following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and is characterized by an exacerbated inflammatory response provoked by antigen disparities between transplant recipient and donor. There is no fully effective treatment or prophylaxis for GVHD. This review explores the effects of several pro-resolving mediators and discusses their potential use as novel therapies in the context of GVHD.
Highlights
Academic Editor: Elena MonicaInflammation is a reaction of the immune system to various stimuli and is believed to protect the body against pathogens and to facilitate healing following sterile tissue injury.uncontrolled or unresolved inflammation can result in chronic inflammation, tissue injury, and consequent organ failure
RMs acts in the resolution of inflammation, expressing higher levels of anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and anti-oxidant proteins to limit tissue damage and fibrosis [12].Until recently, it was believed that the resolution was the end of the immune response related to an infection or injury, but Newson et al (2014) [15] demonstrated that the resolution of inflammatory response links the innate and adaptive immune system, constituting a third phase after acute inflammation and resolution, called the post-resolution phase
As discussed in this review, some mediators with known pro-resolving activity have been studied in the context of Acute GVHD (aGVHD) and shown to reduce inflammation and damage to target organs in addition to overall mortality
Summary
Inflammation is a reaction of the immune system to various stimuli and is believed to protect the body against pathogens and to facilitate healing following sterile tissue injury. The timely induction of the resolution of inflammation is crucial to dampen the inflammatory response and promote some key steps to restore tissue/organ homeostasis [5,6]. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the main treatment for many hematological diseases. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an unwanted reaction of the transplanted cells to the host and may limit the success of allo-HSCT. Biomolecules 2022, 12, 75 efficient approaches to prevent and control the exacerbated inflammatory response related to GVHD [9,10].
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