Abstract

A 36-kHz frequency locked on-chip oscillator is proposed, the proportional-to-absolute temperature (PTAT) current and voltage generator is presented to eliminate conventional temperature-compensated resistors. The resistorless approach reduces the process variation of frequency and the chip area. The oscillator is fabricated in 0.18-[Formula: see text]m standard CMOS process with an active area of 0.072[Formula: see text]mm2. The temperature coefficient of frequency is 48[Formula: see text]ppm/∘C at best and 82.5[Formula: see text]ppm/∘C on average over [Formula: see text]–70∘C and the frequency spread is 1.43% ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] without calibration. The supply voltage sensitivity is 1.8%/V in the range from 0.65[Formula: see text]V to 1[Formula: see text]V and the power consumption is 95[Formula: see text]nW under the supply voltage of 0.65[Formula: see text]V.

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