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Abstract
Observation of Shapiro steps is probably the most convincing demonstration of the Josephson effects in superconducting weak links. To observe Shapiro steps in Bi 2Sr 2CaCu 2O 8+ x intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs), we used side-wall of gold to resistively-shunt these junctions in a conventional mesa structure. In the current–voltage ( I– V) characteristics of these shunted IJJs, the voltage jumps and the hysteresis were greatly reduced. In particular, individual Shapiro steps were clearly observed with irradiation up to 100 GHz, thus providing direct evidence for the ac Josephson effect in intrinsic high- T c stack junctions. Also discussed will be the conditions for achieving stable phase locking between the external irradiation and internal Josephson oscillation. We believe that resistive shunting of the junction stacks makes it possible for them to be used in on-chip detection or coherent oscillation up to terahertz region.
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