Abstract
Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) exhibits a substantial problem in pepper production, causing reduction in yield throughout the world. Continued assessment for root-knot resistance is important for developing new resistance cultivars. In this study, the effect of Me and N genes on the penetration and reproduction of M. incognita race 3, M. arenaria race 1, M. javanica, and M. haplanaria was examined under controlled greenhouse conditions using susceptible and resistant pepper lines/cultivars (Mellow Star, Yolo Wonder B, Charleston Belle, HDA-149, HDA-330, PM-217, and PM-687) differing in the presence or absence of resistant genes. The penetration and resistance responses of these pepper lines differed depending on the nematode species. More second-stage juveniles penetrated roots of susceptible control cultivar Mellow Star than roots of resistant cultivars/lines. Although, there was no significant difference in the nematode penetration among resistant lines 1 and 3 days after inoculation (DAI), variability in the penetration of M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. haplanaria was observed 5 DAI. This demonstrates the variability among different nematode resistance genes to invasion by Meloidogyne spp. Based on nematode gall index (GI) and reproduction factor (RF), Charleston Belle, HDA-149, PM-217 and PM-687 showed very high resistance (GI < 1 and RF < 0.1) to M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica. Although, all the Meloidogyne-resistant pepper lines evaluated were resistant to M. javanica and M. haplanaria, the susceptible cultivar Mellow Star was a good host for all nematode species having an RF ranging from 8.1 to 34.7. The N, Me1, and Me3 genes controlled resistance to reproduction of all species of Meloidogyne examined.
Highlights
Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., are one of the most yield-limiting parasites of peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) in the USA and worldwide (Sasser and Freckman, 1987; Thies and Fery, 2000)
The levels of resistance in these lines have not been assessed against populations of M. arenaria race 1 and M. javanica from the Southern USA, and to our knowledge these resistance genes have never been assessed for their efficacy against M. haplanaria
By 1 days after inoculation (DAI), the number of J2 in the roots of susceptible control cultivar Mellow Star and Yolo Wonder B did not differ for M. incognita and M. arenaria but differed for M. javanica and M. haplanaria
Summary
Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., are one of the most yield-limiting parasites of peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) in the USA and worldwide (Sasser and Freckman, 1987; Thies and Fery, 2000). Rotating pepper with nonhost crops is not a long-term management option in limiting Meloidogyne spp. damage because of wide host range of the nematode (Trudgill and Blok, 2001) For these reasons, research efforts have been directed toward the development of sustainable and eco-friendly nematode management approaches. Four isogenic lines (HDA-149, HDA-330, PM-217, and PM-687) were developed in France to be incorporated into pepper breeding programs These lines carry additional resistance genes against Meloidogyne spp. and have been extensively evaluated against the M. incognita group species (MIG) (Hendy et al, 1985, Djian-Caporalino et al, 2001, 2007). The aim of this study was to examine the penetration and reproduction responses of HDA-149, HDA330, PM-217, and PM-687 to M. incognita race 3, M. arenaria race 1, M. javanica, and M. haplanaria, and compared their responses to the Meloidogyneresistant cultivars, Yolo Wonder B and Charleston Belle (Fery et al, 1998)
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