Abstract
Resistance upset welding is successfully applied to Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) steel fuel cladding. Due to the strong correlation between the mechanical properties and the microstructure of the ODS steel, this study focuses on the consequences of the welding process on the metallurgical state of the PM2000 ODS steel. A range of process parameters is identified to achieve operative welding. Characterizations of the microstructure are correlated to measurements recorded during the welding process. The thinness of the clad is responsible for a thermal unbalance, leading to a higher temperature reached. Its deformation is important and may lead to a lack of joining between the faying surfaces located on the outer part of the join which can be avoided by increasing the dissipated energy or by limiting the clad stick-out. The deformation and the temperature reached trigger a recrystallization phenomenon in the welded area, usually combined with a modification of the yttrium dispersion, i.e., oxide dispersion, which can damage the long-life resistance of the fuel cladding. The process parameters are optimized to limit the deformation of the clad, preventing the compactness defect and the modification of the nanoscale oxide dispersion.
Highlights
Today, energetic needs are increasing and will keep increasing in the coming decades
The resistance welding process is composed of three main steps [16] represented in Figure 2: The resistance process is composed of threephase
We deliberately made different kinds of weld—from good quality weld to weld with obvious defects
Summary
Energetic needs are increasing and will keep increasing in the coming decades. ODS material transitions to a molten phasemay during the fabrication and especially during assembling step, the nanoscale particles be reallocated in theroute matrix and the initial during the assembling step, the nanoscale particles may be reallocated in the matrix and the initial oxide dispersion may be modified. Welded by different processes suchItasappears inertia friction welding [12,13,14] of andthe and diffusion bounding [15] It appears that these processes can induce modification of the metallurgical metallurgical state, including dynamic recrystallisation, modification in grain orientation or state, includingindynamic recrystallisation, modification in grain orientation orreported modification modification the oxide dispersion. A lack of metallurgical studies onmetallurgical resistance upset welding on welding alloys has been identified.
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