Abstract
Physical inactivity and the onset of menopause increase the risk of cardiovascular disease amongst postmenopausal women. We aim to investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) on plasma levels of selected cytokines, adipokines, myokines, and sex hormones in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. This was a sub-study of a randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of RT on vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. Women were randomised to join a 15-week RT program (n = 26) or remain sedentary as control (n = 29). Venous blood samples were taken at week-0 and week-15 for all participants. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and multiple bead assays were used to measure cytokines, adipokines, myokines, and sex hormones in plasma. Plasma measurements of 16 of 33 analytes were within detectable limits. After adjusting for good compliance in the RT group (58% of RT participants), after 15 weeks, significantly lower plasma levels of adiponectin (p < 0.001), lipocalin-2 (p < 0.01) and resistin (p = 0.04) were found. Comparing control and RT women, using change-over-time values, significant increases in median testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin levels were seen in RT women. RT intervention lowers the levels of adipokines, particularly adiponectin, in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. These results were secondary outcomes of a clinical trial, and further investigations in a larger cohort are essential with the additional control of diet control and body composition analyses. Nevertheless, our study shows RT may be a beneficial intervention in reducing inflammation amongst postmenopausal women.
Highlights
increased[17] and the levels of adiponectin negatively correlated with bone mineral density, serum oestradiol concentration and monocyte chemotactic protein-118,19
There were no significant differences between the control and resistance training (RT) groups in demographics and clinical information at the time of enrolment (Table 1)
No significant differences were found in the recorded parameters over the study period for women in either control or RT groups
Summary
increased[17] and the levels of adiponectin negatively correlated with bone mineral density, serum oestradiol concentration and monocyte chemotactic protein-118,19. High-intensity interval training over 12 weeks (28 min of high intensity exercise with > 80% of maximum heart rate) reduced visceral adiposity tissue and increased IL-6 in obese postmenopausal women[26], and increased resistance training volume enhanced muscle hypertrophy in postmenopausal women[27]. Within this cohort, RT has been shown to reduce hot flush frequency by nearly half in those postmenopausal women[28]. The hypothesis of the study is that postmenopausal women in the RT group will have significantly reduced levels of proinflammatory analytes and/or increased levels of anti-inflammatory analytes after the 15 weeks study period
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