Resistance Training and Running Performance and Economy: A Literature Review

Abstract

Running performance is largely determined by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), velocity at VO2 max, fractional utilisation of VO2 max and running economy. Running economy is relatively under-researched and could be improved by resistance training because of its neuromuscular underpinnings. However, existing research on this topic is quite unorganised and inconclusive and is yet to prove a direct linkage between resistance training, running economy and performance. This literature review aimed to provide an organised overview of the existing literature, identify and address confounding variables and provide recommendations for future research. A search for studies was conducted via Google Scholar and the National Strength and Conditioning Association database. The inclusion criteria were: the participants are between 18 and 60 years of age and run at least three times per week; the article is peer reviewed and published no earlier than 2005; the study either measures running economy (as "the oxygen or metabolic cost to run at a given submaximal velocity" (Blagrove et al., 2018a, p. 1133)) or running performance (as a time-time trial); and the study contains a resistance training intervention and a control condition, or is a literature review. This review did not find sufficient evidence to definitively conclude that resistance training improves running economy or performance, but instead recommends steps to conduct more consistent and controlled future research.