Resistance to Thrips in Peanut and Implications for Management of Thrips and Thrips-Transmitted Orthotospoviruses in Peanut.

Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan,Pin-Chu Lai,Mark R Abney,Soraya C M Leal-Bertioli,Albert K Culbreath,Shyam Tallury

doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01604

Abstract

Thrips are major pests of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) worldwide, and they serve as vectors of devastating orthotospoviruses such as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV). A tremendous effort has been devoted to developing peanut cultivars with resistance to orthotospoviruses. Consequently, cultivars with moderate field resistance to viruses exist, but not much is known about host resistance to thrips. Integrating host plant resistance to thrips in peanut could suppress thrips feeding damage and reduce virus transmission, will decrease insecticide usage, and enhance sustainability in the production system. This review focuses on details of thrips resistance in peanut and identifies future directions for incorporating thrips resistance in peanut cultivars. Research on thrips–host interactions in peanut is predominantly limited to field evaluations of feeding damage, though, laboratory studies have revealed that peanut cultivars could differentially affect thrips feeding and thrips biology. Many runner type cultivars, field resistant to TSWV, representing diverse pedigrees evaluated against thrips in the greenhouse revealed that thrips preferred some cultivars over others, suggesting that antixenosis “non-preference” could contribute to thrips resistance in peanut. In other crops, morphological traits such as leaf architecture and waxiness and spectral reflectance have been associated with thrips non-preference. It is not clear if foliar morphological traits in peanut are associated with reduced preference or non-preference of thrips and need to be evaluated. Besides thrips non-preference, thrips larval survival to adulthood and median developmental time were negatively affected in some peanut cultivars and in a diploid peanut species Arachis diogoi (Hoehne) and its hybrids with a Virginia type cultivar, indicating that antibiosis (negative effects on biology) could also be a factor influencing thrips resistance in peanut. Available field resistance to orthotospoviruses in peanut is not complete, and cultivars can suffer substantial yield loss under high thrips and virus pressure. Integrating thrips resistance with available virus resistance would be ideal to limit losses. A discussion of modern technologies such as transgenic resistance, marker assisted selection and RNA interference, and future directions that could be undertaken to integrate resistance to thrips and to orthotospoviruses in peanut cultivars is included in this article.

Highlights

Thrips Feeding Damage and Virus Transmission in PeanutPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a major food and oil seed crop that provides high quality human nutrition and is severely affected by thrips and viruses transmitted by them in many parts of the world including the Southern United States, South/Southeastern Asia, and South America (Pappu et al, 2009; Riley et al, 2011; Mandal et al, 2012)
Preliminary research conducted in Georgia in the United States indicated no evidence of resistance to neonicotinoids in thrips populations collected from peanut (Lai, 2015)
Much of the information on breeding for virus resistance comes with research conducted with Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in peanut in the United States and Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) in Asia

Summary

Introduction

Thrips Feeding Damage and Virus Transmission in PeanutPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a major food and oil seed crop that provides high quality human nutrition and is severely affected by thrips and viruses transmitted by them in many parts of the world including the Southern United States, South/Southeastern Asia, and South America (Pappu et al, 2009; Riley et al, 2011; Mandal et al, 2012). Preliminary research conducted in Georgia in the United States indicated no evidence of resistance to neonicotinoids in thrips populations collected from peanut (Lai, 2015). Much of the information on breeding for virus resistance comes with research conducted with TSWV in peanut in the United States and GBNV in Asia.

Results

Conclusion