Resistance to Leaf and Yellow Rust in a Collection of Spanish Bread Wheat Landraces and Association with Ecogeographical Variables

Fernando Martínez-Moreno,Cristina Nieto,Magdalena Ruiz,Patricia Giraldo

doi:10.3390/agronomy12010187

Fernando Martínez-Moreno, Cristina Nieto + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010187

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Abstract

A collection of 84 bread wheat Spanish landraces were inoculated with three isolates of leaf rust and one of yellow rust at the seedling stage in controlled conditions. The latency period of leaf rust on the susceptible landraces was also assessed. An extended collection of 149 landraces was planted in three locations in field trials to evaluate the naturally occurring leaf and yellow rust severity. Several landraces (36) were resistant to one leaf rust isolate at the seedling stage, but only one was resistant to all three isolates. Landraces resistant to PG14 leaf rust isolate originated from areas with higher precipitation and more uniform temperatures. Many resistant landraces were from the north-west zone of Spain, a region with high precipitation and uniform temperatures. Results from the field trials also confirmed this trend. Landraces from the north-west also possessed a longer latency period of leaf rust, an important component of partial resistance. Regarding yellow rust, 16 landraces showed a lower disease severity in the seedling tests. Again, the resistant landraces mostly originated from areas with higher precipitation (especially in winter) and more uniform temperature.

Highlights

Wheat landraces in Spain have been acknowledged for their diversity in different studies [1,2]
A subset of 84 landraces representative of the Spanish landraces was evaluated for leaf rust resistance at the seedling stage in greenhouse tests (IT, disease severity (DS), and leaf necrosis (LN)) to the rust isolates Jerez Califa 13 (JC13) and Huesca 14 (HU14), and Peralta García 14 (PG14) (Table S2)
Most screened landraces were susceptible, some resistant landraces to leaf and yellow rust have been found in this study

Summary

Introduction

Wheat landraces in Spain have been acknowledged for their diversity in different studies [1,2]. The Spanish collection of wheat landraces, conserved at the National Plant Genetic Resources Centre (CRF), has been assessed in past [4,5] and recent studies [2,6,7]. Leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina Eriks., is an important wheat disease worldwide and in Spain. It was reported as the main biotic constraint to world wheat production (ahead of fusarium head blight, septoria tritici blotch, and yellow rust), reducing the potential global production by 4.3%

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