Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy resistance (MDR) is the innate and/or acquired ability of cancer cells to evade the effects of chemotherapeutics and is one of the most pressing major dilemmas in cancer therapy. Chemotherapy resistance can arise due to several host or tumor-related factors. However, most current research is focused on tumor-specific factors and specifically genes that handle expression of pumps that efflux accumulated drugs inside malignantly transformed types of cells. In this work, we suggest a wider and alternative perspective that sets the stage for a future platform in modifying drug resistance with respect to the treatment of cancer.
Highlights
In US only, the newly diagnosed cancer patient is 1,665,540 every year and the estimated death is 585,720 [1] which are increasing as countries become more developed and more people reach advanced ages
We show that drug resistance is a multifactorial phenomenon that requires attention to the host as well as the tumor and that such factors are organized at different levels (Figure 1)
Because blood flow has been correlated with oxygen diffusion kinetics [215], increasing blood viscosity may induces blood flow retardation and hypoxia becomes an adaptive strategy of survival especially for xeric phenotypes [108]
Summary
In US only, the newly diagnosed cancer patient is 1,665,540 every year and the estimated death is 585,720 [1] which are increasing as countries become more developed and more people reach advanced ages. Chemotherapeutic resistance results in therapeutic failure and usually, (eventually) death. To address these limitations, many researchers focus on how cancer cells manipulate their genomes and metabolism to prevent drug influx and/or facilitate efflux of accumulated drugs, the so called: “the neostrategy of cancer cells and tissues” [3]. We show that drug resistance is a multifactorial phenomenon that requires attention to the host as well as the tumor and that such factors are organized at different levels (Figure 1). To maintain a sufficient amount of orally administered chemotherapeutics, several factors should be taken into consideration: Alfarouk et al Cancer Cell Int (2015) 15:71
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