Abstract
This study analyzed the language of resistance in the poems of three Palestinian poets, namely, Samih Al-Qasim, Mahmoud Darwish, and Tawfiq Zayyad. The analysis incorporated Van Dijk's (1997) approach to Political Discourse Analysis (PDA). The elicited linguistic features from PDA were analyzed against Van Dijk's (1993, 2005) Ideological Square Model and Johnson's (1987) Containment Schema. From the perspective of Van Dijk's (1993, 2005) ideological square model, the study found that the poets' expressions of resistance can be presented under the positive self-representation and negative other-representation with varying referents (i.e. Palestine, Palestinians, or Israelis). The analysis from Johnson's (1987) containment schema showed that the poets' political position has an influential role in their expressions of resistance and their views of themselves in relation to Palestine, Palestinians, and Israelis.
Highlights
Within the first half of the 20th century, the term literature of resistance has emerged among poets in occupied Palestine as a result of their witness of the need for a new literary mode to express the political issues and to promote changes (Mir, 2013)
This study aimed to critically analyze how Palestinian poets, namely, Samih Al-Qasim, Mahmoud Darwish, and Tawfiq Zayyad expressed their resistance in their poems and how their expressions were influenced by their political positions
The analysis showed that Palestinian poets employed different lexical and syntactic features that generally contributed to the discourse of resistance
Summary
Within the first half of the 20th century, the term literature of resistance has emerged among poets in occupied Palestine as a result of their witness of the need for a new literary mode to express the political issues and to promote changes (Mir, 2013). Cudjoe (1980) defined resistance as “any act or complex of acts designed to rid a people of their oppressors” According to Slemon (1995), literary resistance “can be seen as a form of contractual understanding between the text and the reader, one that is embedded in an experiential dimension and buttressed by a political and cultural aesthetic at work in culture” Palestinians’ literature of resistance manifested in different forms of arts have caught the eyes of critics and researchers The resistance in the poetry of Samih Al-Qasim, Mahmoud
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