Resistance profile of bacteria to antibiotics in city laboratories

Abstract

IntroductionBacteria are the causative agents most frequently described in infections. Therefore, antibiotic resistance is a real public health problem. Thus, bacterial infections are becoming one of the major threats to public health in the world. The objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency of isolation of bacteria and to study the sensitivity of bacteria isolated in different biological samples at the level of city laboratories in the entire population (women, men and children).Patients and methodsThis is a prospective descriptive study carried out in city medical analysis laboratories. The inclusion criteria were all positive samples from the examinations performed: urinary examination, vaginal swab, urethral swab, pus, sputum, semen. The exclusion criteria concerned patients with negative examinations and other microorganisms (viruses, mycoses and parasites). Data collection was carried out using an information sheet. An antibiogram is carried out to study the resistance of bacteria. Data processing was carried out and statistically analyzed at a risk of 5%.ResultsOut of a total of 8,594 samples identified, 2,465 strains isolated were responsible for bacterial infections with a prevalence of 28.7%. A clear predominance was noted in the female sex with 1710 (69%) versus 755 (31%) in the male. The F / M sex ratio was 2.2. The most affected of the patients were those over 60 years of age with an enrollment of 832 (33.7%). 1954 strains were Gram negative bacilli or a frequency of 79.3%, 462 strains were Gram positive coccis or a frequency of 18.7% and 49 strains were Gram negative coccis or a frequency of 2%. The distribution of isolates according to the type of sample revealed a predominance of urine samples with a frequency of 1703 (69%), followed by vaginal samples with a frequency of 276 (11.2%), urethral samples with a frequency of 166 (6.8%), sputum with a frequency of 154 (6.2%) and others. The bacteriological profile was largely dominated by Escherichia coli 1410 (57.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 355 (14.4%), Staphylococcus sp 294 (12%), Enterococcus sp 109 (4.4%), Streptococcus sp85 (3,4%). For Enterobacteriaceae, the lowest sensitivities in out‐of‐hospital settings were recorded with Amoxicillin followed respectively by Ticarcillin, Cefalotin, and Amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid. High sensitivities have been observed for Imipenem, Colistin, Furan, and Aminoglycosides.ConclusionAt the end of the study, the results showed an increase in the resistance of bacteria. This rise could be linked to selection pressure due to the overuse of antibiotics. Regular monitoring is essential to define effective and appropriate therapeutic strategies, limiting the emergence and dissemination of very resistant strains.