Abstract
Fusarium disease of oats reduces yield quality due to decreasing germination that is caused by the contamination of grain with mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungi. The aim of this study was to characterize the resistance of naked breeding lines of oats to fungal grain infection and to contamination with T-2 and HT-2 toxins. Thirteen naked oat breeding lines and two naked varieties, Nemchinovsky 61 and Vyatskiy, as well as a husked variety Yakov, were grown under natural conditions in the Nemchinovka Federal Research Center in 2019–2020. The contamination of grain with fungi was determined by the mycological method and real-time PCR. The analysis of mycotoxins was carried out by ELISA. In oats, Alternaria (the grain infection was 15–90 %), Cochliobolus (1–33 %), Cladosporium (1–19 %), Epicoccum (0–11 %), and Fusarium (3–17 %) fungi prevailed in the grain mycobiota. The predominant Fusarium species were F. poae (its proportion among Fusarium fungi was 49–68 %) and F. langsethiae (29–28 %). The highest amounts of F. langsethiae DNA ((27.9–71.9) × 10–4 pg/ng) and T-2/HT-2 toxins (790–1230 μg/kg) were found in the grain of husked oat Yakov. Among the analysed naked oat lines, the amount of F. langsethiae DNA varied in the range of (1.2–42.7) × 10–4 pg/ng,and the content of T-2/HT-2 toxins was in the range of 5–229 μg/kg. Two oat breeding lines, 54h2476 and 66h2618, as well as a new variety, Azil (57h2396), can be characterized as highly resistant to infection with Fusarium fungi and contamination with mycotoxins compared to the control variety Vyatskiy.
Highlights
Over the past decade, the amount of information on Fusarium disease of oats (Avena sativa L.) has increased dramatically
Fungal infection of oat grain The predominance of fungi belonging to Alternaria Nees, Co chliobolus Drechsler, Cladosporium Link, Epicoccum Link, and Fusarium genera in the grain of the analysed oat genotypes was revealed by the mycological method
The majority of isolated Alternaria spp. was represented by fungi belonging to section Alternaria (86 % in 2019 and 84 % in 2020), and the remaining isolates were identified as Alternaria fungi belonging to section Infectoriae
Summary
The amount of information on Fusarium disease of oats (Avena sativa L.) has increased dramatically. In addition to direct negative impacts on economically valuable traits, such as the loss of grain yield (Martinelli et al, 2014), the harmfulness of Fusarium fungi is determined by their ability to produce different mycotoxins that accumulate in infected grains. Current studies of the Fusarium problem in oats concern the analysis of grain infection by different fungal species and the determination of mycotoxin contents in grain (Fredlund et al, 2013; Gavrilova et al, 2016; Hofgaard et al, 2016; Schöneberg et al, 2018), the study of host-pathogen interactions (Divon et al, 2012; Tekle et al, 2012; Martin et al, 2018; Wilforss et al, 2020) and the search for potential sources of resistance to the disease, including the use of molecular analysis methods (He et al, 2013; Bjørnstad et al, 2017; Isidro-Sánchez et al, 2020). The results of numerous studies demonstrate a high contamination of grain with T-2 and HT-2 toxins produced by F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae (Opoku et al, 2013; Burkin et al, 2015; Hofgaard et al, 2016; Kononenko et al, 2020; De Colli et al, 2021)
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