Resistance of Membrane Retrofit Concrete Masonry Walls to Lateral Pressure

Abstract

This paper first describes the current state of analysis for the response of unreinforced concrete masonry walls subjected to lateral uniform pressure. The formulation is based on the initial elastic response, the subsequent initiation of cracks and the nonlinear rocking response, and the eventual large displacement and potential collapse. The necessary equations are developed for these phases in the form of a resistance function. The paper then incorporates membrane retrofit materials to strengthen the wall’s resistance to lateral pressure, and develops the necessary resistance function equations. In blast tests, membrane retrofit unreinforced masonry walls have experienced severe cracking and large displacements without collapse. This is of high interest to the Department of Defense, the protection of diplomatic facilities, and the construction industry impacted by hurricanes and other high wind events. The paper concludes with examples that demonstrate application of membrane retrofits indeed increase the resistance of the wall to lateral pressure.