Abstract
The search for and creation of the initial material steady against adverse environmental factors and adapted to constantly changing weather conditions have always been some of the most promising directions of selection of agricultural plants. Results of studying the resistance of spring soft wheat (F4, F5) hybrids to the main leaf phytopathogens (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal, Alternaria spp., Helminthosporium spp. and Puccinia recondita Rob. ex. Desm f. sp. tritici Eriks) under different soil and climatic conditions are presented. Tests were carried out within two vegetative periods (2013–2014) in three geographic locations: Tyumen region (Russia), Baden-Württemberg (Germany) and Lower Saxony (Germany). These areas significantly differed in climatic conditions during the study years. The assessment of resistance to leaf diseases in the hybrids was carried out in the settings of natural infection. The influence of a complex of abiotic factors on the prevalence of phytopathogenic fungi at the study sites has been demonstrated. Hybrid combinations that were less susceptible to powdery mildew, brown rust and spot blotch than other hybrids have been identified, and so have been the hybrids that have resistance to all the phytopathogens identified. It was noted that the hybrid forms under the ecological test had different indicators of biological resistance of plants across the geographic study sites. The ♀Cara × ♂Lutescents 70 hybrid at both German sites had rather a high index of biological resistance of plants and possessed, according to field data, complex resistance to the main phytopathogenic fungi at all geographic sites. Ecological testing of new plant genotypes under environmental conditions strongly differing in biotic and abiotic factors is one of effective methods to reveal resistance to phytopathogens and to identify highly adapted cultured plants.
Highlights
Resistance of hybrid (F4, F5) forms of the spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to leaf phytopathogens under different ecological and geographical conditions
Tests were carried out within two vegetative periods (2013–2014) in three geographic locations: Tyumen region (Russia), Baden-Württemberg (Germany) and Lower Saxony (Germany). These areas significantly differed in climatic conditions during the study years
Hybrid combinations that were less susceptible to powdery mildew, brown rust and spot blotch than other hybrids have been identified, and so have been the hybrids that have resistance to all the phytopathogens identified
Summary
В статье представлены результаты изучения устойчивости гибридов (F4, F5) яровой мягкой пшеницы к основным листовым фитопатогенам Устойчивость к листовым фитопатогенам гибридных (F4, F5) форм яровой мягкой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.) в различных эколого-географических условиях. Resistance of hybrid (F4, F5) forms of the spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to leaf phytopathogens under different ecological and geographical conditions. Цель исследования – изучение устойчивости гибридов (F4, F5) яровой мягкой пшеницы к основным грибным болезням в различных почвенно-климатических условиях. Resistance of hybrid (F4, F5) forms of the spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to leaf phytopathogens
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