Abstract
The effectiveness of four anthelmintic classes on cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in the semi-arid region of Paraiba State, Brazil, was evaluated. Twenty farms were used, testing 40 animals in each one, totaling 800 animals. Cattle were divided into four groups composed with ten animals: I, treated with albendazole sulfoxide 15%; II, treated with ivermectin 1%; III, treated with closantel 25%; IV, treated with levamisole hydrochloride 7.5%. All treatments were administered subcutaneously. For the Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT), individual fecal samples were collected on days 0 and 14, and sent for analysis of egg count per gram of feces (EPG) and larval cultures. It was observed that multiresistance was present in 95% (19/20) of the farms. Resistance to ivermectin and albendazole was observed in 95% (19/20), to closantel in 75% (15/20) and to levamisole in 20% (4/20). The most used management system was semi-intensive (75%; 15/20) and the ivermectin was the most reported drug for controlling helminths (65%; 13/20). Haemonchus spp. was the most prevalent helminth genus. It was concluded that the anthelmintic resistance of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes is high in the semi-arid of Paraíba State, Brazil, with multiresistance observed mainly to ivermectin, albendazole and closantel.
Highlights
Brazil stands out among the milk and beef-producing countries, with the fastest-growing agribusiness in the world
Anthelmintic resistance to ivermectin and albendazole was detected in 95% (19/20) of the herds, closantel in 75% (15/20) and levamisole in 20% (4/20) (Table 5)
It was concluded that the anthelmintic resistance of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes in the semiarid region of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, is high
Summary
Brazil stands out among the milk and beef-producing countries, with the fastest-growing agribusiness in the world This country finished 2020 with a record final balance of US$ 87.7 billion, which contributed positively and decisively to the total trade balance (Kreter et al, 2021). The parasitic infection occurs under ideal temperature and humidity conditions, and transmission occurs during the ingestion of pasture contaminated with infective larvae, which, in the animal’s gastrointestinal tract, become adults, reaching reproductive maturity, reproducing and eliminating their eggs in the environment through feces (Bowman, 2010; Neves, 2014). This cycle is completed around 28 to 35 days. The absence of adequate anthelmintic control can lead to significant losses, which gives rise to decreased food intake, gastrointestinal disorders and impaired animal development, leading to death in extreme cases (Cezar et al, 2008; Almeida et al, 2020)
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