Abstract
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is an important threat to the yield and quality of brassica crops in China, and has brought serious losses to brassica crops in the Far East, including China and the north. Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) are the main mediators of TuMV transmission in field production, and not only have strong virus transmission ability (small individuals, strong concealment, and strong fecundity), but are also influenced by the environment, making them difficult to control. Till now, there have been few studies on the resistance to aphids in brassica crops, which depended mainly on pesticide control in agriculture production. However, the control effect was temporarily effective, which also brought environmental pollution, pesticide residues in food products, and destroyed the ecological balance. This study reviews the relationship among brassica crop–TuMV, TuMV–aphid, and brassica crop–aphid interactions, and reveals the influence factors (light, temperature, and CO2 concentration) on brassica crop–TuMV–aphid interactions, summarizing the current research status and main scientific problems about brassica crop–TuMV–aphid interactions. It may provide theoretical guidance for opening up new ways of aphid and TuMV management in brassica crops.
Highlights
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is the main virus causing crop disease in China, NorthAmerica, and parts of Europe
Aphids are the main pests of brassica crops and are the transmission mediator of TuMV, with at least 89 species of aphids spreading the virus in a non-persistent manner [3]
Li et al [36] reported that the results from the yeast twohybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays suggested that TuMV C4/CDN1/UK1/CHN2/CHN3 isolates all could not interact with the eIF4Es, which indicated that the five TuMV isolates could not use the eIF4Es-to-RNA replication and eIF4Es were resistant to the five TuMV isolates
Summary
Crops in these regions have been seriously harmed by TuMV, second only to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) [1], leading to a major loss of brassica crops. Most plant viruses need mediators to be transmitted, and insects are the most important types of mediators Most of these vectors are hemipterans, such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips, leafhoppers, planthoppers, wood lice, and so on [5]. Further excavating the interactions of the three species (brassica crop–TuMV–aphid) could be helpful to exploring the mechanism of species formation and constructing the co-evolution model among insects, TuMV, and plants, and coordinate the relationship between brassica crops’ resistance and biological control in production, which would provide theoretical guidance for opening up new methods for aphid and TuMV management
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