Abstract
Sipha maydis Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a pest of cereals in many regions of the world and was identified as an invasive pest of the US in 2007. Regional surveys from 2015-2017 revealed this pest was broadly distributed throughout many of the western Great Plains states where it is a potential threat to cereal production. The common name hedgehog grain aphid, HGA, has been associated with Sipha maydis in the US. Cross-resistance where a plant is resistant to one aphid species and is also resistant to another species that is known to occur. Six barleys were evaluated for cross-resistance to HGA: Russian wheat aphid, RWA, resistant germplasms STARS 9301B and STARS 9577B and cultivar “Mesa”; greenbug, GB, resistant germplasm STARS 1501B and cultivar “Post 90”; and RWA and GB resistant experimental line 00BX 11-115. Cultivars “Morex” and “Schuyler” were susceptible controls. Antixenosis was measured 5 days after infestation by HGA. Seedling damage ratings and reductions in seedling growth were recorded after 17 days of infestation. Intrinsic rate of increase, rm, of HGA was determined by following the development of newborn aphids to adulthood and reproduction. 00BX 11-115 and Post 90 had significantly greater antixenosis (fewer aphids/seedling), significantly lower plant damage ratings, and significantly lower intrinsic rates of increase than other entries. Differences in seedling growth were not significant. 00BX 11-115 and Post 90 were the only entries with the Rsg1 greenbug resistance gene. Rsg1 greenbug resistance confers cross-resistance to HGA in the seedling stage.
Highlights
Sipha maydis Passerini is distributed throughout most cereal producing countries of the world
Six barleys were evaluated for cross-resistance to HGA: Russian wheat aphid, RWA, resistant germplasms STARS 9301B and STARS 9577B and cultivar “Mesa”; greenbug, GB, resistant germplasm STARS 1501B and cultivar “Post 90”; and RWA and GB resistant experimental line 00BX 11-115
Rm, of HGA was determined by following the development of newborn aphids to adulthood and reproduction. 00BX 11-115 and Post 90 had significantly greater antixenosis, significantly lower plant damage ratings, and significantly lower intrinsic rates of increase than other entries
Summary
Sipha maydis Passerini is distributed throughout most cereal producing countries of the world. In Pakistan [1] and Iran [2], S. maydis is reported to be among the most common aphid species affecting wheat. S. maydis was first reported in Argentina in 2002 followed by spread throughout the country by 2006 where it primarily infested wheat, barley, and wild grasses [3]. A report of S. maydis infesting oats near Albuquerque, NM in 2014 instigated a survey in CO in 2015 where it was found on winter annual grasses at many sites in WC and SW CO [5]. Multi-state surveys from 2015-2017 in the Rocky Mountain and Southern plains states determined HGA was broadly distributed and adapted to a variety of wild grasses, barley, sorghum, and wheat with the greatest concentration in W CO and NW NM [6]
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