Resistance Exercise Training Attenuates the Loss of Endogenous GLP-1 Receptor in the Hypothalamus of Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

Se Park,Jin Han,Jin Yoon,Tae Kim,Jeong Ko,Dae Seo

doi:10.3390/ijerph16050830

Se Park, Jin Han + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050830

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise training on hypothalamic GLP-1R levels and its related signaling mechanisms in T2DM. The animals were separated into three groups: a non-diabetic control (CON), diabetic control (DM), and diabetic with resistance exercise (DM + EXE) group. The resistance exercise training group performed ladder climbing (eight repetitions, three days per week for 12 weeks). Body weight was slightly lower in the DM + EXE group than the DM group, but difference between the groups was not significant. Food intake and glucose were significantly lower in the DM + EXE group than in the DM group. The blood insulin concentration was significantly higher and glucagon was significantly lower in the DM + EXE group. The DM + EXE group in the hypothalamus showed significant increases in GLP-1R mRNA, protein kinase A (PKA), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and protein kinase B (AKT) and significant decrease in protein kinase C-iota (PKC-iota). Antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis factors were significantly improved in the DM + EXE group compared with the DM group in the hypothalamus. The results suggest that resistance exercise contributes to improvements the overall health of the brain in diabetic conditions.

Highlights

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the most common type of diabetes, accounts for more than90% of patients with diabetes and is rapidly emerging as one of the most serious health problems worldwide [1]
We demonstrated that food intake, glucose, and glucagon levels were higher and insulin secretion was lower in the DM group than in the CON and DM + EXE groups
Our findings suggest that resistance exercise training in the early stage of T2DM has a positive effect on glycemic-related factors in the hypothalamus

Summary

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the most common type of diabetes, accounts for more than90% of patients with diabetes and is rapidly emerging as one of the most serious health problems worldwide [1]. Progressive hyperglycemia, a major feature of T2DM, contributes to the dysfunction of several organs, including the central and peripheral systems, eventually leading to diabetic complications [2,3]. Many patients with T2DM are at an elevated risk of various complications due to a lack of appropriate glycemic control. For these reasons, the importance of glycemic control via diet, medication, and exercise has been emphasized [4,5,6,7]. Normal glycemic control is mediated by multiple mechanisms involving the central and peripheral systems. The hypothalamus, in particular, is the primary regulatory region for food intake and is directly related to blood glucose levels, which are involved in hormone signaling, such as insulin

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