Resistance-Exercise-Induced Circulating Factors on Damaged Skeletal Muscle Tissue Proteome in Young Untrained Men

Abstract

Recovery from muscle damage is tightly orchestrated by multiple physiological processes that can be altered by circulating factors (e.g., cytokines, growth factors) and intracellular signaling pathways (e.g., autophagy). Our previous studies have demonstrated that resistance exercise (RE)-induced circulating factors alter the expression of intramuscular cytokine mRNA and autophagic and myogenic markers in exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage (EIMD). However, the global effects of these circulating factors on damaged muscle are largely understudied. Purpose: To identify global changes in the proteome and functional pathways in skeletal muscle when EIMD is followed by an upper body RE-induced circulating milieu. Hypothesis: RE-induced circulating factors alter protein expression profile in damaged muscle. Methods: Vastus lateralis samples from 3 men included in the parent study were utilized for this report. Untrained men (age: 23 ± 5yr; height: 181.6 ± 5.9cm; weight: 86.0 ± 15.8kg) completed 2 identical bouts of maximal unilateral eccentric knee extensions for 8 sets of 10 repetitions, which were immediately followed by either heavy upper body RE to induce changes in circulating factors (EX) or 20 min seated rest (CON). Muscle samples from the damaged leg at 24h were used to compare between conditions. The total number of proteins was measured using LC-MS/MS. Bioinformatic analyses were performed via Qiagen Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. For identifying enriched biological processes and functions, proteins had to have at least 1.0-fold differential expression with an FDR-adjusted significance level < 0.05. Z scores were calculated to predict changes in biological functions. Results: A total of 900 proteins were identified. For EX, 79 proteins were downregulated, and 15 were upregulated compared to CON at 24h. Pathway analyses demonstrated that for EX, there was decreased activation in acute phase response signaling, liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor activation, nitric oxide production and reactive oxygen species in macrophages, and neutrophil extracellular trap signaling pathways compared to CON. In addition, for EX, there was an increase in macrophage IL-12 signaling and production than CON. Conclusion: RE-induced changes in circulating factors modulated pathways associated with the immune response and cytokine signaling in untrained men. Given that immune response is critical for recovery from muscle damage, these results highlight the potential role of RE-induced circulating factors (e.g., hormones, growth factors, etc.) which could play a role in mediating muscle recovery. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.