Resistance Evaluation of Some Rice Varieties by Feeding Activity of Brown Planthopper Population in Java

Willing Bagariang Willing Bagariang,Wayan Murdita Wayan Murdita,Ahmad Imroni Ahmad Imroni,Suwarman Suwarman

doi:10.22225/seas.5.2.3913.79-87

Abstract

Brown Planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Hemiptera: Delpachidae) is the important pest of rice. The infestation of BPH reduced the rice yield on rice producer countries in Asia. In Indonesia, the area of BPH infestation frequently fluctuated over the year. BPH directly caused hopper burn and also vector of rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) and rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of some rice varieties to different BPH population in Java. Three BPH populations collected from Karawang (West Java), Pekalongan (Central Java) and Kendal (Central Java) were used in this study. The rice resistance was evaluated by conducting honeydew test. There were eight rice varieties tested i.e Sembada 168, Ciherang, Inpari 32, Inpari 33, IR 64, TN1, Ratu Heenati and PTB 33 with five replications. A number of 200 female adults (five females per plot) were starved for 2 hours before inserting to pot containing one seedling. The BPH adults were allowed to feed 40-day-old plants for 48 hours. The area of honeydew excreted by BPH was measured using software Image J. We used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and cluster analysis with ward method and similarity index of Euclidean distance to analyze the rice resistance to BPH. The study indicated three groups of rice resistance level. The variety of Sembada 168 and TN1 were susceptible to BPH. Variety of Ciherang, Inpari 32, Inpari 33 and IR 64 were moderately resistant to BPH. However, PTB 33 and Ratu Heenati were strongly resistant to BPH population of Java.

Highlights

Most of Asia countries planted rice as their main food crop
3.1.1 Honeydew spots excreted by Brown planthopper (BPH) feeding on eight rice cultivars We conducted evaluation of rice resistance based on the source of the BPH population in Java
One of the methods to evaluate the rice resistance is done by measuring the area of honeydew spots made by the BPH on the filter paper

Summary

Introduction

Most of Asia countries planted rice as their main food crop. The rice production is mostly influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. The biotic factor causes yield loss around 52% in rice production and the attack of pests cause 21% production loss [1, 2]. Brown planthopper (BPH) is known as the economic important pest of rice and its infestation on rice caused severe yield loss in Asia. BPH is a sap feeder and severe infestation of BPH causes plant to dry up which is called “hopper burn” [3]. BPH is an effective vector of two important rice viruses namely rice grassy stunt virus [4] and rice ragged stunt virus [5]

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Conclusion