Abstract
The present study was to identify the drug resistance, resistance mechanism and the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) genotypes of Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) in Jinan. Susceptibility tests were performed by MIC-determination. The genotypes of β-lactamase were identified using PCR and DNA sequencing. The resistance transfer ability of the ESBL-producing strains was examined by conjugation tests. A total of 105 S. flexneri isolates were collected, and 34 (32.4%) were ESBL-producing isolates. All ESBL-producing isolates were susceptible to cefoxitin and imipenem, and 35.3% isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. ESBL-producing isolates showed high level resistant to ampicillin (100%), cefotaxime (100%), tetracycline (100%), chloramphenicol (100%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (100%), ceftazidime (73.5%) and cefepime (73.5%). Three types of β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaOXA and blaCTX-M) were identified in all ESBL-producing isolates, and the genotypes were confirmed as blaTEM-1 (23/34), blaOXA-30 (34/34), blaCTX-M-14 (9/34) and blaCTX-M-15 (25/34) by sequencing. In conclusion, the Shigella strains isolated in Jinan are cross-resistant and multi-drug resistant. The main genotypes of ESBLs are CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-15.
Highlights
Shigella is a highly infectious intestinal bacteria that can cause serious harm
In 105 strains of S. flexneri, 40 suspicious strains were screened by the K–B method, and a preliminary determination indicated that 34 strains were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
PCR amplification confirmed that all strains transferred blaCTX-M and that the genotype was consistent with the donor bacteria
Summary
Shigella is a highly infectious intestinal bacteria that can cause serious harm. According to DuPont et al [1], ingestion of 10–100 Shigella dysentery can make healthy individuals ill. Shigella was named by WHO in 1996 as a life threatening bacteria due to its growing resistance to treatment [3] and the morbidity associated with economic conditions, public health, living habits and epidemic Shigella serotypes. In recent years, Shigella has become more drug resistant, causing inefficient treatment. Those Shigella patients who protracted course of disease are a primary source of infection in others, causing great difficulties for disease control and prevention and clinical treatment
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