Abstract
Resin flow was measured in red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis Vieillot) clusters in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) in the southern region of the Angelina National Forest, Texas. Resin flow (ml) at 1.4 m height over 24 hrs was measured from one 2.5 cm punch through the phloem between 0700 and 1000 hrs from March 1999 to September 2000, for a total of 9 measurements per tree. Resin was sampled in naturally active cavity trees, artificial (insert) active, natural inactive, artificial inactive and control pines (84 sample trees). Resin flow pattern was significantly different during the year, but not significantly different in the cavity tree type resin flow. Cavity trees in the 90th percentile (>33.0 ml resin in 24 hrs) were defined as super resin producing. High average resin flows in August 1999 and September 2000 indicate when to sample resin for potential cavity trees. Regression equations were produced to estimate future resin production.
Highlights
The federally listed endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW hereafter) (Picoides borealis Vieillot)
The control trees used in the study has a mean only slightly higher than artificial inactive cavity trees (AI) cavities and slightly lower that natural inactive cavity tree (NI), both of the inactive categories (Table 1)
No significant differences in resin yield were detected among cavity tree types, some pines produced more resin and were termed super producers
Summary
The federally listed endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW hereafter) (Picoides borealis Vieillot) Resin Production in Natural and Artificial Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Cavity Trees. S. Department of Interior, 1985; Lennartz et al, 1987; Walters et al, 1988; Walters, 1990; Conner and Rudolph, 1995). Redcockaded woodpeckers excavate roost and nest cavities into the heartwood of living pines, generally 85 - 350 years old (Conner and Rudolph, 1991). RCWs excavate shallow holes in the xylem, termed resin wells, and peck them daily to stimulate copious resin flow (Ligon, 1970; Dennis, 1971), to protect against predators and some nest competitors (Jackson, 1974; Jackson, 1978; Rudolph et al, 1990). Bark beetles are less successful in invading and killing southern pines with high resin flow (Lorio et al, 1990)
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