Abstract
The superior thyroid artery shows a great variability in what concerns its origin. Most often, it appears as an independent branch of the external carotid artery, as its first collateral branch, or directly from the common carotid or at its terminal level. The superior thyroid artery origin was evaluated on 144 cases, using as study methods the dissection (39 cases), the plastic injection (22 cases) and the CT angiography evaluation (83 cases). It was studied, by percentage, the originating artery of the superior thyroid artery, the relation to the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, the neighboring arterial branches and the surface of the external carotid on which originated, the caliber of the external carotid artery before and after the origin of the superior thyroid artery. Most commonly, in 89 cases (61.80%), we describe the origin of the superior thyroid artery from the external carotid artery; from the common carotid artery originated 31 superior thyroid arteries (21.53%); at the level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, the superior thyroid artery had its origin in 21 cases (14.58%); in 2 cases (1.39%) we encountered the superior thyroid artery originating from a thyro-lingual trunk and in one case (0.69%), we met a thyro-linguo-facial trunk. The superior thyroid arteries may originate as an independent artery or as arterial trunks in varying proportions. When the origin of the superior thyroid artery is from the terminal common carotid, we propose to use the expression of terminal branching or the common carotid artery trifurcation. The results of our study are similar to those found in international literature, with statistical differences that may be attributed primarily to the total number of cases on which we worked and also working methods or may be attributed to other causes, such as the geographic area where the study was conducted and the amount of time the results were obtained.
Highlights
The superior thyroid artery shows a great variability in what concerns its origin, as evidenced in literature
[10] describe the origin superior thyroid artery from the external carotid artery in 50% of cases, in 20% cases from the bifurcation of the common carotid, in 11% cases from the common carotid artery, in 2% of cases describe the presence of a thyro-lingual trunk originating from the external carotid artery, in less than 1% of cases describes a thyro-lingual trunk originating from the common carotid and in less than 1% of cases a thyro-linguo-facial trunk originating from the external carotid artery
In 89 cases (61.80% of cases), we describe the origin of the superior thyroid artery from the external carotid artery, 47 cases being on the right (61.84% of all the right thyroid arteries) and 42 cases on the left (61.76% of all the left thyroid arteries)
Summary
The superior thyroid artery shows a great variability in what concerns its origin, as evidenced in literature. 1), 36 cases on the right side (76.6% of the 47 cases) and 27 cases on the left (64.29% of the 42 cases).On the postero-medial aspect of the external carotid artery (Fig. 2), 22 superior thyroid arteries had their origins (24.72% of 89 cases), 8 cases being on the right (17.02% of 47 cases) and 14 cases on the left (35 71% of 42 cases).
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