Abstract
Hosting Mega Sport Events (MSEs) is a formidable expedition that requires enormous investments and that has the potential to reform the nation’s future and create a lasting legacy. However, the increase in environmental concerns is pushing host cities to adopt a compact event approach. Compactness increases the concentration of the load on host cities’ infrastructures, which have to preserve an acceptable level of functionality under any possible disturbance; in other words, they should be resilient. Among these infrastructures, the road network plays the most prominent role in the fans’ experiences and the event’s success. To assess its resilience during MSE, we proposed a multilevel assessment approach that focuses on the network cohesion and critical trips performance under several disturbance scenarios, including natural hazards, intentional attacks, and accidents. The framework was applied to the Doha road network, since Doha will be a host city for the FIFA World Cup in Qatar in 2022, which exhibited a high level of resilience to intentional attacks and accidents scenarios. However, during the natural hazard scenario (flooding), the network experienced severe fragmentation, signaling weak resilience and highlighting the need to improve storm management plans. Future research could investigate the use of weighted graphs to increase the accuracy or incorporate different assessment approaches into the framework.
Highlights
Hosting a successful Mega Sport Event (MSE) such as the FIFA World Cup (WC) is a formidable expedition, especially under adverse challenges such as climate change and rapid urbanization
To the best of our knowledge, no published work has suggested a framework to evaluate the resilience of road networks during MSEs to date; the main objective of this research is to suggest a framework for assessing the resilience of road networks during MSEs, paving the way for considering resilience as a criterion in evaluating future host cities’ nomination profiles
We identified the affected links and nodes and removed them by overlaying maps resulting from each scenario on the transportation network within the geographic information systems (GIS) environment
Summary
Hosting a successful Mega Sport Event (MSE) such as the FIFA World Cup (WC) is a formidable expedition, especially under adverse challenges such as climate change and rapid urbanization. Political tensions and climate change have increased the rate, intensities, and impacts of disasters in recent years, adding more loads on the infrastructure systems [8,9,10]. These challenges have caused a paradigm shift in design mentality and fueled the research in infrastructure resiliency in the past decade [3,4,11,12]. A critical factor in organizing a successful event of such a scale is a robust and efficient transportation network that can accommodate the influx of a huge number of fans and preserve functionality under perplexing and unpredictable threats; in other words, a resilient transportation system is required
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