Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the personality predictors of individuals with a stress coping style. In the study, we have attempted to establish which traits play a crucial role in the prediction of tendencies applicable to a specific style of stress coping. In this study, all personality predictors were included in one model. The study was conducted with a group of 632 students. The results demonstrate a positive relationship between both self-efficacy and resilience with a task-oriented style of coping. Both traits related to a task-oriented style to a similar extent. The relationship between participants’ sense of coherence and task-oriented style was non-significant. Participants’ emotion-oriented style was negatively related with not just the sense of coherence variable, but also with self-efficacy and resilience. Significant predictors of avoidance-oriented styles were the sense of coherence and resilience variables. Further analysis of the two forms of avoidance-oriented styles demonstrate that the sense of coherence variable was a significant predictor of both engaging in substitute activities and seeking contact with other people. Resilience was a significant predictor solely with regard to seeking contact with other people.
Highlights
The sample consisted of students of pedagogy (N = 266), economics and management (N = 83), law and criminology (N = 79), social work (N = 69), philology (N = 56), Resilience Resilience was measured by the Resilience Scale – RS-14 (Wagnild and Young 1993)
The results showed a good fit of the one-factor model to empirical data: χ2(70) = 264.87; p < .001; χ2/df = 3.78; root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .066; Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = .91; comparative fit index (CFI) = .93; the reliability of the RS-14 measured with Cronbach’s alpha was good (α = .87), Average Variance Extracted (AVE) was .40, but Composite Reliability (CR) was acceptable
With Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), the results showed a good fit of the one-factor model to empirical data: χ2(60) = 197.96, p < .001; χ2/df = 3.29; RMSEA = .060; TLI = .92; CFI = .94; the reliability of the sense of coherence (SOC)-13 was good (α = .82)
Summary
The ability to cope with them is a vital competence that should be developed. Lazarus and Folkman, in their relational theory of stress coping, perceive it as a dynamic process aimed at sufficient management of external and internal demands that are appraised by individuals as taxing or exceeding their resources (Lazarus and Folkman 1984). Researchers distinguish stress coping (1) that is focused on a problem, i.e. facing a situation, and (2) focused on emotions, which entails the application of such strategies as self-distancing, avoidance/escape, self-blame, looking for support, or re-appraisal. Based on the above assumptions, Endler and Parker (1990a, 1990b, 1994) conceived the process of handling stress and distinguished three basic styles of stress coping: task-oriented, emotion-oriented and avoidance-oriented. The first one involves undertaking tasks and making an effort in order to solve a problem through cognitive transformations, or attempting to change a situation, mainly by planning and focusing on a task
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