Abstract
Participation of distributed energy resources in the load restoration procedure, known as intentional islanding, can significantly improve the distribution system reliability. Distribution system reconfiguration can effectively alter islanding procedure and thus provide an opportunity to supply more demanded energy and reduce distribution system losses. In addition, high-impact events such as hurricanes and earthquake may complicate the procedure of load restoration, due to disconnection of the distribution system from the upstream grid or concurrent component outages. This paper presents a two-level method for intentional islanding of a reconfigurable distribution system, considering high impact events. In the first level, optimal islands are selected according to the graph model of the distribution system. In the second level, an optimal power flow (OPF) problem is solved to meet the operation constraints of the islands by reactive power control and demand side management. The proposed problem in the first level is solved by a combination of depth first search and particle swarm optimization methods. The OPF problem in the second level is solved in DIgSILENT software. The proposed method is implemented in the IEEE 69-bus test system, and the results show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Highlights
The distribution system is the most vulnerable part of the power system, due to distributed structure, and low level of monitoring, controllability, and protections [1,2,3]
The main contributions of the paper are as follows: À proposing a restoration method to improve the resilience of active distribution systems (ADSs) through the enhancement of the restorative state of the multi-phase resilience curve; ` proposing a two-level intentional islanding method in a reconfigurable distribution system to maximize the load restoration and minimize the islands’ energy losses; ́ introducing value of served energy (VOSE) to evaluate the resilience performance; ˆ using the depth first search (DFS) method to limit the search space for the application of particle swarm optimization (PSO) method in the problem, which makes the application of the proposed method in large-scale systems possible
If distributed energy resources (DERs) are available in the separated parts, the proposed two-level method would be applicable in the isolated part to supply high priority loads
Summary
The distribution system is the most vulnerable part of the power system, due to distributed structure, and low level of monitoring, controllability, and protections [1,2,3]. A modified MILP-based method is proposed to guarantee the radial structure of obtained islands in the first level This is a kind of tree knapsack problem (TKP), which, in line with the [16], can be solved by heuristic algorithms. The main contributions of the paper are as follows: À proposing a restoration method to improve the resilience of ADS through the enhancement of the restorative state of the multi-phase resilience curve; ` proposing a two-level intentional islanding method in a reconfigurable distribution system to maximize the load restoration and minimize the islands’ energy losses; ́ introducing value of served energy (VOSE) to evaluate the resilience performance; ˆ using the DFS method to limit the search space for the application of PSO method in the problem, which makes the application of the proposed method in large-scale systems possible. The proposed method is examined in the IEEE 69-bus distribution system in different cases to show the effectiveness and validity of the proposed algorithm
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
